Generally 200℃ to 240℃ is the appropriate processing temperature range. Conditions should be adjusted within this range, as processing temperature is dependent on the equipment and the resin viscosity.
If the resin temperature exceeds 280℃, it may decompose and release hydrogen fluoride.

PVDF should not be heated more than 280℃.

It is known that hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide and fluoro-phosgene are degradation products of PVDF. Local ventilation is recommended for melt processing.

Special materials are not required for a screw and a barrel in the processing machine.
It is recommended that all metal parts contacting with molten PVDF should be completely plated (e.g.hard chrome plating).
Avoid light-metal alloys containing aluminum, titanium, boron etc., for screws and barrels. Light-metals could accelerate decomposition of molten PVDF.
Even without decomposition, it becomes difficult to separate the metal from the resin.

No. When you use additives like chemical substances, coloring agents, fillers etc. unexpected decomposition may occur. For safety, it is recommended to conduct stability test prior to processing.

Depending on conditions of molding or annealing, changes of polymer chain terminal and/or dehydrofluorination cause conjugated double bonds resulting in discoloring. In the case of discoloring without any decomposition of polymer chains, it has little effect on the polymer performances because there is little structural changes in the polymer.

PTFE and FEP are soft resins, because they have comparatively small intermolecular force with weak polarity owing to the lack of hydrogen atoms. They have the physical properties peculiar to fluoropolymers, such as water repellency (hydrophobicity), non-adhesiveness and chemical resistance. PVDF, in spite of a fluoropolymer, is superior in the mechanical properties even above the glass transition point because of its large intermolecular force and crystallinity. PVDF has also adhesiveness and water repellency. So, PVDF shows intermediate physical properties between other fluoropolymers and commodity resins.

The molecular chain itself has a large dipole moment, because CH2 and CF2 bond regularly and alternately. As the glass transition temperature is low (about -35℃), the mobility of molecular chains is high around room temperature, causing the high dielectric constant.

①Place the predetermined amount of NMP to the container which has resistance in heat. ex) beaker or flask.
②Stir^* the NMP at the room temperature with a magnetic stirrer or a general agitator.
③When stirring, add the powder gradually so that the powder will not be a lump.
　*When adding the powder to the NMP, stir vigorously to avoid lumps. After adding the powder, you may loosen to stir to such extent that the circulation of the solution is good enough.
④Set the resin concentration of the solution^* which doesn’t become to too high.
　*Manageable solution viscosity : 500～2,000mPa・s (A suitable range for the torque of the stirrer and transferring from the container)
⑤After adding all the powder to the NMP, continue heating by stirring. Recommended temperature is 50℃。
⑥Stir the solution at the maintained temperature for several hours. When the solids (suspended particles) are no longer visible and the solution is clear, the dissolution is deemed complete.

KF Polymer (suspension polymerized PVDF) and water-based binders differ fundamentally in terms of solubility, dispersibility, physical properties, and application compatibility.
KF Polymer can be used for both cathodes and anodes, whereas water-based polymers are generally used for anodes.

For NCM applications, the high-molecular-weight, high-adhesion grade W#9700 is recommended. For LFP applications, homopolymers are preferred due to their excellent dispersibility, peel strength, and cost balance.
However, as a general trend, higher molecular weight can make handling more challenging. Therefore, for initial evaluations, low-molecular-weight homopolymers are recommended.

When PVDF is dissolved in NMP, discoloration at normal levels typically has minimal practical impact on the electrode manufacturing process or battery performance.
However, in cases of extreme discoloration or under specific conditions, there is a possibility of gelation or effects on long-term reliability.
Therefore, monitoring the degree of discoloration and ensuring proper raw material and process management are crucial.